Recent Developments of Diagnostic Criteria in Multiple Sclerosis | ||
| Canadian Journal of Medicine | ||
| Article 7, Volume 1, Issue 1, Winter 2019, Page 20-28 PDF (410 K) | ||
| DOI: 10.33844/cjm.2019.60489 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Massoud Houshman* 1; Fawziah M. Mohammed2 | ||
| 1Research Center, Knowledge University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences. Kuwait University, Kuwait | ||
| Abstract | ||
| This review describes the more important developments of the neuroimaging of multiple sclerosis (MS) in recent years, and provides a discussion of advanced MR imaging techniques with regard to current findings, clinical correlations, and future directions. MS pathology is originally defined by the presence of focal white matter lesions, characterized by inflammatory/demyelinating, axonal loss, edema, blood brain barrier break-down, and neurodegenerative processes that occur earlier in life, which usually affects the gray and white matter, brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord and optic nerve. In recent years, the use of MRI techniques represents as a powerful tool to non-invasively study different pathological substrates of lesions and microscopic tissue changes. Techniques such as T2-weighted and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MRI are very sensitive in detecting lesions and, thus, increase the level of certainty of MS diagnosis. In this review, we summarize the main evidence supporting the use of advanced MRI techniques provide a better understanding of the neuropathologic processes that most likely are related to disease activity and clinical progression in MS. Such metrics are able to reveal a range of tissue changes that include inflammation, demyelination, axonal loss, reactive glial scaring, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. In conclusion, MRI has had a major impact on diagnosing MS, understanding the condition, and monitoring the effects of clinical treatments | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Multiple sclerosis; Magnetic resonance imaging; Neuropathology; Imaging; Diagnosis; Brain; Spinal | ||
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